Allelochemicals from the Invasive Weed Verbesina encelioides Growing in Libya: A Chemical Analysis

Abstract

1. encelioides is an invasive annual plant from the Asteraceae family grows in dry and semi-arid regions around the world. It display a strong allelopathic trait, which enables it to competitively exclude nearby vegetation, a fundamental component of its high ecological competence and ability to totally dominate local ecosystems. In this study the chemical profile of V. encelioides  growing in Libya was analysed by prelimarly phytochemical screening tests. The analysis was performed to test for the presence of a number of phytoconstituents.  namely: tannins, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars, steroids, glycosides, coumarins, alkaloids, phytosterols, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates. The extraction process was performed on the dried aerial parts and roots using maceration method with Polarity gradient solvents. The results reveal the presence of the allopathic group of metabolites including; tannins,  flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins and coumarins. However, understanding the chemical profile of V. encelioides   helps scientists design smart weed-control strategies or even natural bio-herbicides. In addition, allowing veterinarians and ranchers to understand poisoning symptoms and manage infested pastures safely.