Economic Trends of Mountain Farms in the Tarhuna Plateau during the Roman Period

Abstract

The Tarhuna Plateau retains significant archaeological importance as a region characterized by intensive Roman olive cultivation, with remains dating from 15 AD to the end of the classical period. The area includes fortified Roman farmhouses, olive presses with associated shrines, and pottery workshops, reflecting a highly developed rural economy. Agricultural activity was concentrated on plateau slopes and plains, where large estates were established rather than small holdings, indicating substantial investment in both residence and production facilities. The Samana complex, with its seventeen presses, exemplifies the advanced technical level and scale of olive oil production.This extensive agricultural system contributed to the wealth of the aristocracy of Leptis Magna during the Augustan period, as olives represented the primary source of income. Archaeological evidence and the widespread distribution of presses along Roman roads suggest that a considerable portion of production was intended for trade. The construction of the Tabrian Road linking Leptis Magna and Tarhuna further supports its role in facilitating olive oil export rather than serving purely military purposes.The research highlights the economic importance of mountain farms and their contribution to supporting the economy of Leptis Magna.Keywords: Mountain farms, Olive presses, Leptis Magna, Roman agriculture, Tarhuna Plateau.